Highlights•Modulation of synaptic strength can occur through changes in short-term
plasticity.•Modulators can shape or induce long-term synaptic plasticity.•Modulators can …

Central pattern generators are subject to extensive modulation that generates flexibility in
the rhythmic outputs of these neural networks. The effects of neuromodulators interact with …

This revised third edition provides an up to date, comprehensive overview of the field of
comparative psychology, integrating both evolutionary and developmental studies of brain …

Context-dependent plasticity in auditory processing is achieved in part by physiological
mechanisms that link behavioral state to neural responses to sound. The neuromodulator …

Although neuromodulation of synapses is extensively documented, its consequences in the
context of network oscillations are not well known. We examine the modulation of synaptic …

Neuromodulation can dynamically alter neuronal and synaptic properties, thereby changing
the behavioral output of a neural circuit. It is therefore conceivable that natural selection …

This research examines the mechanisms that initiate rhythmic activity in the episodic central
pattern generator (CPG) underlying escape swimming in the gastropod mollusk Tritonia …

Tritonia is a gastropod mollusc that executes an escape swimming response to particular
aversive stimuli, such as contact with the tube feet of the sea star, Pycnopodia helianthoides …

Many central pattern generator (CPG)-mediated behaviors are episodic, meaning that they
are not continuously ongoing; instead, there are pauses between bouts of activity. This …

Gastropod molluscs provide a unique opportunity to explore the neural basis of rhythmic
behaviors because of the accessibility of their nervous systems and the number of species …