Climate change is transforming the risks individuals and households face, with potentially
profound socioeconomic consequences such as increased poverty, inequality, and social …

We examine how a European carbon price will affect citizens by studying its incidence on
households in 23 countries of the EU. At the national level, the distributional impact before …

Abstract The Russia–Ukraine conflict has triggered an energy crisis that directly affected
household energy costs for heating, cooling and mobility and indirectly pushed up the costs …

There are substantial differences in carbon footprints across households. This study applied
an environmentally extended multiregional input–output approach to estimate household …

Addressing the total energy cost burden of elderly people is essential for designing
equitable and effective energy policies, especially in responding to energy crisis in an aging …

Understanding who would be affected in which way by carbon pricing is pivotal for effective
and socially equitable policy design, addressing climate change and reducing inequality …

Carbon inequality is the gap in carbon footprints between the rich and the poor, reflecting an
uneven distribution of wealth and mitigation responsibility. Whilst much is known about the …

Household carbon emissions are mainly affected by income and other key demographic
factors. Understanding the contribution of these factors can inform climate responsibilities …

The increasing consumption in develo** countries poses a significant challenge to global
climate change mitigation efforts. Understanding household characteristics is essential in …

The disparity in environmental impacts across different countries has been widely
acknowledged,. However, ascertaining the specific responsibility within the complex …