Attention is a core property of all perceptual and cognitive operations. Given limited capacity
to process competing options, attentional mechanisms select, modulate, and sustain focus …

Visual search, a vital task for humans and animals, has also become a common and
important tool for studying many topics central to active vision and cognition ranging from …

In everyday life, we have to decide whether it is worth exerting effort to obtain rewards. Effort
can be experienced in different domains, with some tasks requiring significant cognitive …

The right middle fontal gyrus (MFG) has been proposed to be a site of convergence of the
dorsal and ventral attention networks, by serving as a circuit-breaker to interrupt ongoing …

Recent studies have provided conflicting accounts regarding where in the human brain
visual short-term memory (VSTM) content is stored, with strong univariate fMRI responses …

Reinforcement learning (RL) uses sequential experience with situations (" states") and
outcomes to assess actions. Whereas model-free RL uses this experience directly, in the …

The problem of consciousness continues to be a subject of great debate in cognitive
science. Synthesizing decades of research, The Conscious Brain advances a new theory of …

Functional imaging studies of emotional processing typically contain neutral control
conditions that serve to remove simple effects of visual perception, thus revealing the …

Cognitive neuroscience research on working memory has been largely motivated by a
standard model that arose from the melding of psychological theory with neuroscience data …

Orienting of spatial attention is a family of phylogenetically old mechanisms developed to
select information for further processing. Information can be selected via top-down or …