Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has boomed
over the last 30 years, and its use has accelerated during the last 5 years. AM is a materials …

It is widely known that the availability of lightweight structures with excellent energy
absorption capacity is essential for numerous engineering applications. Inspired by many …

Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light‐
weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage …

Nature has developed high‐performance materials and structures over millions of years of
evolution and provides valuable sources of inspiration for the design of next‐generation …

Nature has a wide range of biological protection strategies that show resilience to impact
loading. These strategies also serve a certain amount of flexibility that contribute to body …

Natural protection offered to living beings is the result of millions of years of biological
revolution. The protections provided in fishes, armadillos, and turtles by unique hierarchal …

Materials that are lightweight yet exhibit superior mechanical properties are of compelling
importance for several technological applications that range from aircrafts to household …

Flexible sensors are receiving growing attention as a valuable technology in application
areas such as wearable electronics, soft robotics and e-skin. Unfortunately, most flexible …

Natural tissues possess a so-called J-shaped strain-stiffening behavior, being soft and
compliant at small strains followed by a rapid stiffening at higher strains to prevent tissue …

Osteoderms are mineralised structures consisting mainly of calcium phosphate and
collagen. They form directly within the skin, with or without physical contact with the skeleton …