Sea cucumbers, belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, have been valued for centuries as
a nutritious and functional food with various bioactivities. Sea cucumbers can produce highly …

This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of
matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of …

Modern mass spectrometry methods provide a huge benefit to saponin structural
characterization, especially when combined with collision-induced dissociation experiments …

Saponins are plant secondary metabolites. There are associated with defensive roles due to
their cytotoxicity and are active against microorganisms. Saponins are frequently targeted to …

Intraspecific chemical communication between echinoderms has often been limited to
prespawning aggregation. However, sea cucumber farmers have long observed year-round …

Holothuria scabra is a sea cucumber that is mostly found in the Indo-Pacific region including
Thailand. Extracts from many sea cucumbers possess pharmacological activities proposed …

Sea cucumbers are benthic marine invertebrate members of the phylum Echinodermata.
Due to the absence of a rigid skeleton, these species have developed chemical defenses …

Hyperlipidemia with the characteristic of excessive blood lipid level is a risk factor for stroke,
coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic
inflammation of the arterial wall, which is the pathological basis for coronary heart disease …

The sea cucumber (phylum Echinodermata) body wall is the first line of defense and is well
known for its production of secondary metabolites; including vitamins and triterpenoid …