During the past decade there has been a substantial advance in our understanding of
estrogen signaling both from a clinical as well as a preclinical perspective. Estrogen …

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, with estrogen receptor
positive (ER+) breast cancer making up approximately 75% of all breast cancers diagnosed …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in transdifferentiation process in solid
cancer development. Forthcoming evidence suggest that the stratified program transforms …

Ca2+ is a ubiquitous cellular signal. Altered expression of specific Ca2+ channels and
pumps are characterizing features of some cancers. The ability of Ca2+ to regulate both cell …

Abstract Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein hormone that binds to a single-span membrane
receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, and exerts its action via several …

miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of~ 24 nt that can block mRNA translation and/or
negatively regulate its stability. There is a large body of evidence that dysregulation of …

Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) and highly effective
antagonist to hormone-sensitive breast cancers following failure of previous tamoxifen or …

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Insensitivity of
tumor cells to drug therapies is an essential reason arousing such high mortality. Epithelial …

Prevailing wisdom is that estrogen receptor (ER)-α mediated genomic estrogen signaling is
responsible for estrogen-stimulated cell proliferation and development of ER-positive breast …

Purpose Recently, a 36-kDa variant of estrogen receptor α (ER-α66), ER-α36, has been
identified and cloned. ER-α36 predominantly localizes on the plasma membrane and in the …