Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate
system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all …

Arctic sea-ice extent and volume are declining rapidly. Several studies project that the Arctic
Ocean may become seasonally ice-free by the year 2040 or even earlier. Putting this into …

We summarize the applications of molecular proxies in paleoclimatology. Marine molecular
records especially are proving to be of value but certain environmentally persistent …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

The oceans cover the majority of the Earth's surface; they influence our climate and provide
a valuable source of food to billions of people. Yet despite its fundamental impact on our …

The dynamics of the particulate organic carbon (POC) pool in the ocean are central to the
marine carbon cycle. POC is the link between surface primary production, the deep ocean …

Observations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global
biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the …

Over the last decade or so, certain source-specific C 25 highly branched isoprenoid (HBI)
lipid biomarkers have emerged as useful proxies for Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. Thus, IP 25 …

Sea ice primary production is considered a valuable energy source for Arctic marine food
webs, yet the extent remains unclear through existing methods. Here we quantify ice algal …

In recent years, a novel proxy for the past occurrence of Arctic sea ice has been proposed
that is based on the variable marine sedimentary abundance of an organic geochemical …