Background Research on early adversity, stress biology, and child development has grown
exponentially in recent years. Findings We review the current evidence for the hypothalamic …

In the United States, does growing up in a poor household cause negative developmental
outcomes for children? Hundreds of studies have documented statistical associations …

Executive function is foundational for cognitive development. Previous research has shown
both gross motor skills and physical activity to be related to executive function. However …

Highlights•Intervention efforts aimed at child problems prove only modestly effective due to
heterogeneity in their efficacy.•Experimental-intervention research reveals that some …

Executive functions are important higher-order cognitive skills for goal-directed thought and
action. These capacities contribute to successful school achievement and lifelong wellbeing …

Research demonstrates that Black parents attempt to suppress children's expressions of
negative emotions (eg, anger, fear), in part, to protect them from experiencing racial bias …

Assessment of parenting frequently relies on parent self-report despite well-documented
discrepancies between this methodology and observational measures. In the current study …

The transition period between early childhood and late adolescence is characterized by
pronounced changes in social competence, or the capacity for flexible social adaptation …

Previous research suggests executive functions mediate the effects of socioeconomic status
(SES) on literacy. However, this research has primarily focused on high-income countries …

Abstract Knowledge of how physiological responsivity and executive functioning relate to
adaptation and resilience in early childhood has improved dramatically over the last decade …