Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an
endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly …

Hepatocellular death is present in almost all types of human liver disease and is used as a
sensitive parameter for the detection of acute and chronic liver disease of viral, toxic …

Plasma membrane rupture (PMR) in dying cells undergoing pyroptosis or apoptosis requires
the cell-surface protein NINJ1. PMR releases pro-inflammatory cytoplasmic molecules …

Hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common causes of
death in patients with chronic liver disease. Chronic liver injury of virtually any etiology …

This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of
exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) …

Apoptosis and necrosis are considered conceptually and morphologically distinct forms of
cell death. Here, we report that demise of human T cells caused by two classic apoptotic …

During ischemic brain injury, glutamate accumulation leads to overstimulation of
postsynaptic glutamate receptors with intracellular Ca 2+ overload and neuronal cell death …

The liver can precisely regulate its growth and mass. Surgical resection of hepatic lobes or
hepatocyte loss caused by viral or chemical injury triggers hepatocyte replication while …

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2 or TNFSF10) belongs to the TNF
superfamily. When bound to its agonistic receptors, TRAIL can induce apoptosis in tumour …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is, at least in part, responsible for the morbidity associated with
liver surgery under total vascular exclusion or after liver transplantation. The …