Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic
organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable …

Carotenoids are indispensable for human health, required as precursors of vitamin A and
efficient antioxidants. However, these plant pigments that play a vital role in photosynthesis …

Background Plants have evolved a panoply of specialized metabolites that increase their
environmental fitness. Two examples are caffeine, a purine psychotropic alkaloid, and …

Lonicera japonica is a widespread member of the Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle) family
utilized in traditional medical practices. This twining vine honeysuckle also is a much‐sought …

Crocins are beneficial antioxidants and potential chemotherapeutics that give raise, together
with picrocrocin, to the colour and taste of saffron, the most expensive spice, respectively …

Carotenoids are important precursors of a wide range of apocarotenoids with their functions
including: hormones, pigments, retinoids, volatiles, and signals, which can be used in the …

In plants, carotenoids are subjected to enzyme-catalyzed oxidative cleavage reactions as
well as to non-enzymatic degradation processes, which produce various carbonyl products …

Crocins and picrocrocin are glycosylated apocarotenoids responsible, respectively, for the
color and the unique taste of the saffron spice, known as red gold due to its high price …

Carotenoids and apocarotenoids function as pigments and flavor volatiles in plants that
enhance consumer appeal and offer health benefits. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.) fruit …

Crocetin is an apocarotenoid formed from the oxidative cleavage of zeaxanthin, by the
carotenoid cleavage enzymes CCD2 (in Crocus species) and specific CCD4 enzymes in …