Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

The plant hormone jasmonate coordinates immune and growth responses to increase plant
survival in unpredictable environments. The core jasmonate signaling pathway comprises …

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient necessary for plant growth and development. Inorganic
phosphate (Pi) deficiency modulates the signaling pathway of the phytohormone jasmonate …

Abscisic acid (ABA) represses seed germination and postgerminative growth in Arabidopsis
thaliana. Auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) stimulate ABA function; however, the possible …

Drought is undoubtedly a major environmental constraint that negatively affects agricultural
yield and productivity throughout the globe. Plants are extremely vulnerable to drought …

The evolution of land plants approximately 470 million years ago created a new adaptive
zone for natural enemies (attackers) of plants. In response to attack, plants evolved highly …

Background Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic
stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced immune mechanism in plants. Unlike
vertebrate adaptive immunity, SAR is broad spectrum, with no specificity to the initial …

Two highly specialized cells, the guard cells that surround the stomatal pore, are able to
integrate environmental and endogenous signals in order to control the stomatal aperture …

Agricultural manipulation of potentially beneficial rhizosphere microbes is increasing rapidly
due to their multi-functional plant-protective and growth related benefits. Plant growth …