The ecosystem response to the 1989 spill of oil from the Exxon Valdez into Prince William
Sound, Alaska, shows that current practices for assessing ecological risks of oil in the …

Recent studies document unprecedented declines in marine top predators that can initiate
trophic cascades. Predicting the wider ecological consequences of these declines requires …

Quantitative modeling methods have become a central tool in the management of harvested
fish populations. This book examines how these modeling methods work, why they …

Risk effects arise when prey alter their behavior in response to predators, and these
responses carry costs. Empirical studies have found that risk effects can be large …

Phenotypic plasticity is considered the major means by which plants cope with
environmental heterogeneity. Although ubiquitous in nature, actual phenotypic plasticity is …

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas
and implementing fishery restrictions, as ways to mitigate local stressors to limit the effects of …

Trophic cascades are textbook examples of predator indirect effects on ecological systems.
Yet there is considerable debate about their nature, strength and overall importance. This …

While the impacts of high exploitation on fish populations and aquatic ecosystems are well-
documented for commercial fishing, particularly in the marine environment, the potential …

Arguments for the need to conserve aquatic predator (AP) populations often focus on the
ecological and socioeconomic roles they play. Here, we summarize the diverse ecosystem …

Climate change is leading to shifts in species geographical distributions, but populations are
also probably adapting to environmental change at different rates across their range. Owing …