▪ Abstract Vertebrate limb buds are embryonic structures for which much molecular and
cellular data are known regarding the mechanisms that control pattern formation during …

The vertebrate limb with its complex anatomy develops from a small bud of undifferentiated
mesoderm cells encased in ectoderm. The bud has its own intrinsic polarity and can develop …

Classical research has suggested that early palate formation develops via epithelial-
mesenchymal interactions, and in this study we reveal which signals control this process …

The turtle shell is an evolutionary novelty that is synapomorphic for chelonians. The
carapace is initiated by the entrapment of the ribs by the carapacial ridge (CR), a lateral …

Tbx5 is a T-box transcription factor expressed exclusively in the develo** forelimb but not
in the develo** hindlimb of vertebrates. Tbx5 is first detected in the prospective forelimb …

Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the vertebrate limb requires the function of the transcription
factor Engrailed 1 (EN1) in the ventral ectoderm. EN1 restricts, to the dorsal half of the limb …

Skin identity is controlled by intrinsic features of the epidermis and dermis and their
interactions. Modifying skin identity has clinical potential, such as the conversion of residual …

This book covers the latest research and advancements related to articular cartilage in
biology, development, pathology, clinical applications and tissue engineering. The authors …

Adult urodeles (salamanders) are unique in their ability to regenerate complex organs
perfectly. The recently developed Accessory Limb Model (ALM) in the axolotl provides an …

The evolutionary transition of fins to limbs involved development of a new suite of distal
skeletal structures, the digits. During tetrapod limb development, genes at the 5′ end of the …