The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi,
parasites). To deal with this array of threats, the immune system has evolved to include a …

Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading
microbes, injuries, and insults from within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These …

Peripheral inflammation, defined as inflammation that occurs outside the central nervous
system, is an age-related phenomenon that has been identified as a risk factor for …

There are thousands of lipid species existing in cells, which belong to eight different
categories. Lipids are the essential building blocks of cells. Recent studies have started to …

The evidence on the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is
rapidly growing. Understanding why some patients suffering from COVID-19 are getting so …

Inflammatory diseases are a major socio‐economic burden, with the incidence of such
conditions on the rise, especially in western societies. For decades, the primary treatment …

BACKGROUND. Cardiovascular disease occurs at lower incidence in premenopausal
females compared with age-matched males. This variation may be linked to sex differences …

The resolution of infection is an active process with specific molecular and cellular
mechanisms that temper inflammation and enhance pathogen clearance. Here, the …

Respiratory diseases are frequently characterised by epithelial injury, airway inflammation,
defective tissue repair, and airway remodelling. This may occur in a subacute or chronic …

Inflammation is an essential mechanism of various diseases. The development and
resolution of inflammation are complex immune-modulation processes which induce the …