Divergent selection across the landscape can favor the evolution of local adaptation in
populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local adaptation is widely observed in a …

For centuries, scientists have recognized and worked to understand how Earth's mutable
landscape and climate shape the distribution and evolution of species. Here, we describe …

Speciation is the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations.
Although we now know that speciation is largely driven by natural selection, knowledge of …

The increasing availability of genomic resequencing data sets and high-quality reference
genomes across the tree of life present exciting opportunities for comparative population …

Adaptive radiations represent some of the most remarkable explosions of diversification
across the tree of life. However, the constraints to rapid diversification and how they are …

Population genomic data has revealed patterns of genetic variation associated with
adaptation in many taxa. Yet understanding the adaptive process that drives such patterns is …

Hybrid incompatibilities occur when interactions between opposite ancestry alleles at
different loci reduce the fitness of hybrids. Most work on incompatibilities has focused on …

Evolutionary processes, including selection, can be indirectly inferred based on patterns of
genomic variation among contemporary populations or species. However, this often requires …

The generation of variation is paramount for the action of natural selection. Although
biologists are now moving beyond the idea that random mutation provides the sole source of …

The origin of species is a central topic in biology. Ecological speciation might be a driver in
adaptive radiation, providing a framework for understanding mechanisms, level, and rate of …