Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic
effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view …

Radiotherapy (RT) is used routinely as a standard treatment for more than 50% of patients
with malignant tumors. The abscopal effect induced by local RT, which is considered as a …

The linear-quadratic model is one of the key tools in radiation biology and physics. It
provides a simple relationship between cell survival and delivered dose:, and has been …

Kidney cancer has unique features that make this malignancy attractive for therapeutic
approaches that target components of the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibition is a …

Immunotherapy, specifically the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has
transformed the treatment of cancer, enabling long-term tumour control even in individuals …

The clinical application of cytokine therapies for cancer treatment remains limited due to
severe adverse reactions and insufficient therapeutic effects. Although cytokine localization …

With the burgeoning use of immune-based treatments for cancer, never has there been a
greater need to understand the tumour microenvironment within which immune cells …

Radiation therapy (RT) in some cases results in a systemic anticancer response known as
the abscopal effect. Multiple hypotheses support the role of immune activation initiated by …

Radiotherapy—despite being a local therapy that meanwhile is characterized by an
impressively high degree of spatial accuracy—can stimulate systemic phenomena which …

Radiotherapy is a primary therapeutic modality widely utilized with curative intent.
Traditionally tumor response was hypothesized to be due to high levels of cell death …