Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

Climate change has been partially mitigated by an increasing net land carbon sink in the
terrestrial biosphere; understanding the processes that drive this sink is thus essential for …

A comprehensive quantification of global forest fragmentation is urgently required to guide
forest protection, restoration and reforestation policies. Previous efforts focused on the static …

Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is
increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

China announced its national goal to reach the peak of carbon emission by 2030 and
achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, during the General Assembly of the United Nations in …

Abstract China has 6.6 million km2 of drylands that support approximately 580 million
people. These drylands are at risk of desertification. In this Review, the changes observed in …

Vegetation change can alter surface energy balance and subsequently affect the local
climate. This biophysical impact has been well studied for forestation cases, but the sign and …

Greenspace plays a crucial role in urban ecosystems and has been recognized as a key
factor in promoting sustainable and healthy city development. Recent studies have revealed …

Urban regions across the world have expanded rapidly in recent decades, affecting fragile
natural habitats, including in drylands, and threatening the achievement of the UN …