Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form
continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells …

Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin.
Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin …

Mistakenly thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle we
now know that the L-enantiomer of the lactate anion is formed under fully aerobic conditions …

In vitro differentiation of human stem cells can produce pancreatic β-cells; the loss of this
insulin-secreting cell type underlies type 1 diabetes. Here, as a step towards understanding …

Significance: Metabolic syndrome is a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a
disease that currently affects∼ 8% of the adult population worldwide. Pancreatic beta-cell …

Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A
number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non-β islet cells in to …

After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and
appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in …

In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of nutrient-induced
insulin secretion that challenge a key aspect of the" canonical" model, in which an oxidative …

The arrangement of β cells within islets of Langerhans is critical for insulin release through
the generation of rhythmic activity. A privileged role for individual β cells in orchestrating …

No longer viewed as a metabolic waste product and cause of muscle fatigue, a
contemporary view incorporates the roles of lactate in metabolism, sensing and signaling in …