Introduction From a biopharmaceutical standpoint, the skin is recognized as an interesting
route for drug delivery. In general, small molecules are able to penetrate the stratum …

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) or drugs are normally not delivered as pure
chemical substances (for the prevention or the treatment of any diseases). APIs are still …

Local anesthetics are used clinically for the control of postoperative pain management. This
study aimed to develop chitosan (CS) with genipin (GP) hydrogels as the hydrophilic lipid …

From a clinical perspective, local anesthetics have rather widespread application in regional
blockade for surgery, postoperative analgesia, acute/chronic pain control, and even cancer …

Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome the challenges of sustainable agriculture,
and nanopesticides can control agricultural pests and increase farm productivity with little …

Introduction: There is a clinical need for pharmaceutical dosage forms devised to prolong
the acting time of local anesthetic (LA) agents or to reduce their toxicity. Encapsulation of LA …

Chronic wounds affect millions of people globally. This number is set to rise with the
increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin …

Inflammatory conditions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and peripheral tissues affect
many people around the world and are commonly treated with non-steroidal anti …

Pain is one of the most common medical conditions and affects more Americans than
diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined. Current pain treatments mainly rely on …

Topical delivery of local anesthetics (LAs) is commonly used to decrease painful sensations,
block pain throughout procedures, and alleviate pain after surgery. Dermal and/or …