Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand
and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate …

Microclimates at the land–air interface affect the physiological functioning of organisms
which, in turn, influences the structure, composition, and functioning of ecosystems. We …

Macroclimate warming is often assumed to occur within forests despite the potential for tree
cover to modify microclimates. Here, using paired measurements, we compared the …

Protecting biodiversity against the impacts of climate change requires effective conservation
strategies that safeguard species at risk of extinction. Microrefugia allowed populations to …

Ecological research heavily relies on coarse‐gridded climate data based on standardized
temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many …

Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the
drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to …

The role of modern climatic microrefugia is a neglected aspect in the study of biotic
responses to anthropogenic climate change. Current projections of species redistribution at …

Forest canopies buffer climate extremes and promote microclimates that may function as
refugia for understory species under changing climate. However, the biophysical conditions …

Most ecological studies of the effects of climate on species are based on average conditions
above ground level (measured by meteorological stations) averaged across 100 km 2 or …

Old forests containing ancient trees are essential ecosystems for life on earth. Mechanisms
that happen both deep in the root systems and in the highest canopies ensure the viability of …