Wild bee populations are declining due to human activities, such as land use change, which
strongly affect the composition and diversity of available plants and food sources. The …

Bumble bees (Bombus) are unusually important pollinators, with approximately 260 wild
species native to all biogeographic regions except sub-Saharan Africa, Australia, and New …

Pollinator nutritional ecology provides insights into plant–pollinator interactions, coevolution,
and the restoration of declining pollinator populations. Bees obtain their protein and lipid …

Loss of natural habitat through land‐use change threatens bees. Urbanisation is a major,
increasing form, of habitat loss, and a novel, pervasive form of disturbance known to impact …

Heatwaves are an increasingly common extreme weather event across the globe and are
projected to surge in frequency and severity in the coming decades. Plant‐pollinator …

Wild and managed bees are essential for global food security and the maintenance of
biodiversity. At present, the conservation of wild bees is hampered by a huge shortfall in …

The least understood aspects of the nutritional needs of bees are the elemental composition
of pollen and the bees' need for a stoichiometrically balanced diet containing the required …

In temperate ecosystems, elevated temperatures, and drought occur especially during
spring and summer, which are crucial periods for flowering, pollination, and reproduction of …

Highlights•Two-fold increase in the proportion of global change publications in the last 30
years.•Restore and protect bee habitats (network of 'green infrastructure'for foraging and …

A reduction in floral resource abundance and diversity is generally observed in agro-
ecosystems, along with widespread exposure to pesticides. Therefore, a better …