The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, an ion transport protein, is expressed in the plasma membrane
(PM) of virtually all animal cells. It extrudes Ca2+ in parallel with the PM ATP-driven Ca2+ …

The Na+-K+-ATPase, or sodium pump, is the membrane-bound enzyme that maintains the
Na+ and K+ gradients across the plasma membrane of animal cells. Because of its …

The search for endogenous digitalis has led to the isolation of ouabain as well as several
additional cardiotonic steroids of the cardenolide and bufadienolide type from blood …

Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in
mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic …

Excess dietary salt is a major cause of hypertension. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms
by which salt increases arterial constriction and peripheral vascular resistance, and thereby …

In the vascular wall, the Na, K-ATPase plays an important role in the control of arterial tone.
Through cSrc signaling, it contributes to the modulation of Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular …

Cardiac glycosides have been used for decades to treat congestive heart failure. The recent
identification of cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain, digoxin, marinobufagenin, and …

Excessive salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension. Here we identify the role of
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger type 1 (NCX1) in salt-sensitive hypertension using SEA0400, a …

Na, K-ATPase (sodium pump; EC 3.6. 1.37) is present in the membrane of most eukaryotic
cells and controls directly or indirectly many essential cellular functions. Regulation of this …

The central nervous system has a key role in regulating the circulatory system by modulating
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, pituitary hormone release, and the …