Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach …

In experimental evolution, laboratory-controlled conditions select for the adaptation of
species, which can be monitored in real time. Despite the current popularity of such …

Epistatic interactions between mutations can make evolutionary trajectories contingent on
the chance occurrence of initial mutations. We used experimental evolution in …

Microorganisms have been mutating and evolving on Earth for billions of years. Now, a field
of research has developed around the idea of using microorganisms to study evolution in …

Theoretical studies of adaptation have exploded over the past decade. This work has been
inspired by recent, surprising findings in the experimental study of adaptation. For example …

Now updated for its second edition, Population Genetics is the classic, accessible
introduction to the concepts of population genetics. Combining traditional conceptual …

Little is known about the mutational fitness effects associated with single-nucleotide
substitutions on RNA viral genomes. Here, we used site-directed mutagenesis to create 91 …

Biofilms are a major form of microbial life in which cells form dense surface associated
communities that can persist for many generations. The long-life of biofilm communities …

Theories of adaptation typically ignore the effect of environmental change on population
size. But some environmental challenges—challenges to which populations must adapt …

When large asexual populations adapt, competition between simultaneously segregating
mutations slows the rate of adaptation and restricts the set of mutations that eventually fix …