BACKGROUND Although thermal expansion of seawater and melting of mountain glaciers
have dominated global mean sea level (GMSL) rise over the last century, mass loss from the …

We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate
data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple …

We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to study
the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the …

Polar temperatures over the last several million years have, at times, been slightly warmer
than today, yet global mean sea level has been 6–9 metres higher as recently as the Last …

This article reviews key data and debates focused on relative sea-level changes since the
Last Interglacial (approximately the last 132,000 years) in the Mediterranean Basin, and …

The fish faunas of continental South and Central America constitute one of the greatest
concentrations of aquatic diversity on Earth, consisting of about 10 percent of all living …

Paleoclimate data show that climate sensitivity is~ 3 deg-C for doubled CO2, including only
fast feedback processes. Equilibrium sensitivity, including slower surface albedo feedbacks …

Abstract The Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, 128–116 ka) is among the most studied past periods
in Earth's history. The climate at that time was warmer than today, primarily due to different …

Abstract The West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS), with ice volume equivalent to∼ 5 m of sea
level, has long been considered capable of past and future catastrophic collapse,,. Today …

During the last interglacial period,~ 125,000 years ago, sea level was at least several meters
higher than at present, with substantial variability observed for peak sea level at …