The rapidly evolving ocean economy, driven by human needs for food, energy,
transportation and recreation, has led to unprecedented pressures on the ocean that are …

The acceleration of global warming and increased vulnerability of marine social-ecological
systems affect the benefits provided by the ocean. Spatial planning of marine areas is vital to …

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is an emerging responsibility of resource managers around
the United States and elsewhere. A key proposed advantage of MSP is that it makes …

A central challenge for natural resource management is develo** rigorous yet practical
approaches for balancing the costs and benefits of diverse human uses of ecosystems …

People around the world are looking to marine ecosystems to provide additional benefits to
society. As they consider expanding current uses and investing in new ones, new …

Marine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to reduce conflicts and environmental impacts, and
promote sustainable use of marine ecosystems. Existing MSP approaches have successfully …

The ecosystem services concept provides both an analytical and communicative tool to
identify and quantify the link between human welfare and the environment, and thus to …

Multiple competing uses of continental-shelf environments have led to a proliferation of
marine spatial planning initiatives, together with expert guidance on marine spatial planning …

Marine protected area (MPA) efficacy is increasingly challenged by climate change. Experts
have identified clear climate change adaptation principles that MPA practitioners can …

Marine/maritime spatial planning (MSP) is intended as a process to apply an adaptive
ecosystem-based approach in order to manage the oceans towards the sustainable use of …