Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

Evolutionary responses are required for tree populations to be able to track climate change.
Results of 250 years of common garden experiments show that most forest trees have …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Here we present a new data synthesis of global peatland ages, area changes, and carbon
(C) pool changes since the Last Glacial Maximum, along with a new peatland map and total …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

The Arctic climate is changing. Permafrost is warming, hydrological processes are changing
and biological and social systems are also evolving in response to these changing …

Abstract Changes in climate and fire regimes are transforming the boreal forest, the world's
largest biome. Boreal North America recently experienced two years with large burned area …

Julkaisu on ensimmäinen osa luontotyyppien uhanalaisuuden arvioinnin loppuraportista.
Siinä esitellään luontotyyppien uhanalaisuuden arviointimenetelmä, arvioinnin tulokset ja …

The previous chapters have provided a first insight into the heterogeneity, complexity and
great physiognomic and ecological variety of the timberline phenomenon; a heterogeneity …

The temperature history of the first millennium CE is sparsely documented, especially in the
Arctic. We present a synthesis of decadally resolved proxy temperature records from …