This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry, tracing the progression from
traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant …

A continental rift is a nascent plate boundary where the lithosphere is thinned by tectonic
activity. Some continental rifts undergo extension to the point that they generate a new …

Geochemical and astronomical evidence demonstrates that planet formation occurred in two
spatially and temporally separated reservoirs. The origin of this dichotomy is unknown. We …

Widespread methane release from thawing Arctic gas hydrates is a major concern, yet the
processes, sources, and fluxes involved remain unconstrained. We present geophysical …

Scientific theories of how subduction and plate tectonics began on Earth—and what the
tectonic structure of Earth was before this—remain enigmatic and contentious …

When a solid surface accommodates guest molecules, they induce noticeable stresses to
the surface and cause its strain. Nanoporous materials have high surface area and …

Numerical simulation of the processes in the Earth's mantle is a key piece in understanding
its dynamics, composition, history and interaction with the lithosphere and the Earth's core …

In the absence of global plate tectonics, mantle convection and plume–lithosphere
interaction are the main drivers of surface deformation on Venus. Among documented …

Today's geodynamic models can, often do and sometimes have to become very complex.
Their underlying, increasingly elaborate numerical codes produce a growing amount of raw …

During the Cretaceous, the Indian plate moved towards Eurasia at the fastest rates ever
recorded. The details of this journey are preserved in the Indian Ocean seafloor, which …