Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino
acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination …

Nitrogen is an essential element contained in many biomolecules necessary to sustain life.
1, 2 This element is abundantly available in Earth's atmosphere in the form of dinitrogen …

Nitrogenase is the only known biological enzyme capable of reducing N2 to bioavailable
NH3. Most nitrogenases use Mo as a metallocofactor, while alternative cofactors V and Fe …

As the search for Earth-like exoplanets gathers pace, in order to understand them, we need
comprehensive theories for how planetary atmospheres form and evolve. Written by two well …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …

It was once widely held that nearly all reactions in biology were catalyzed via mechanisms
involving paired electron species. Beginning approximately 40 years ago, this paradigm was …

Nitrogenases are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, a crucial step in the
biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These enzymes utilize a two-component protein system and …

Two records of Earth history capture the evolution of life and its co-evolving ecosystems with
interpretable fidelity: the geobiological and geochemical traces preserved in rocks and the …

Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, which facilitates the
cleavage of the relatively inert triple bond of N2. Nitrogenase is most commonly associated …

“The Answer to the Great Question... Of Life, the Universe and Everything... Is... Forty-two,”
said Deep Thought, with infinite majesty and calm…“I checked it very thoroughly,” said the …