The use of skeletal anchorage with fixed functional appliances (FFA) has been proposed by
various authors to produce skeletal changes and reduce lower incisor proclination. To …

Background Prominent upper front teeth are a common problem affecting about a quarter of
12‐year‐old children in the UK. The condition develops when permanent teeth erupt. These …

Introduction There is little agreement on the expected duration of a course of orthodontic
treatment; however, a consensus appears to have emerged that fixed appliance treatment is …

Depending on how severe it is, malocclusion, which may involve misaligned teeth, jaws, or a
combination of the two, can hurt a person's overall facial aesthetics. The maxillary molar …

Background The study aimed to compare the dentoskeletal effects of Vanbeek Activator,
Herbst, Twin-Block and Mandibular Advancement with clear aligners in children with …

Background Orthopedic functional devices, are used to improve mandibular length in
skeletal class II patients. However, the orthopedic functional device with the best effect to …

Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate the treatment effects of functional
appliances (FAs) on upper airway dimensions in growing Class II patients with mandibular …

Objectives: To systematically compare the efficacy of fixed and removable functional
appliances in Class II malocclusion in terms of morphological and patient-centred outcomes …

Background The aim of the current systematic review was to compare the radiologic effects
of functional appliance Class II treatment compared to no treatment on the …

Current evidence on the reliability of growth indicators in the identification of the pubertal
growth spurt and efficiency of functional treatment for skeletal Class II malocclusion, the …