Fire is the foremost critical event for road tunnels' safety. Therefore, the European
Commission introduced the Directive 2004/54/EC for enhancing tunnels' safety since they …

Tunnels have a unique driving environment; thus, a small incident in a tunnel may result in
severe consequences and a high probability of secondary crashes. Fortunately, studies …

The number of urban tunnels has been increasing rapidly, accompanied by frequent tunnel
fire accidents owing to the complex tunnel structure and large traffic flow. In this study, a full …

In emergency system design, evacuating people from dangerous buildings has always been
a significant yet challenging undertaking. This paper combines evacuation demand analysis …

In this paper, we present a simulation-based approach for effectively estimating delay risks
in project schedules and predicting the possibilities of in-time project completion for various …

A series of simulations with regard to inclined road tunnel were conducted to investigate the
effect of ambient pressure on smoke movement and temperature distribution. The tunnel …

The complex characteristics of long-distance highway tunnels may lead to serious loss of life
and property in fire incidents. According to the statistical analysis, heavy goods vehicle …

Efficient emergency response is key to preventing major losses in tunnel fires. Our general
concern in this paper is the degree to which tunnel systems are prepared and the means by …

In this paper, we propose a process that combines the Risk Matrix approach with the
Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Monte …

With the continuous construction of transportation infrastructure, intersection nodes have
been increasing rapidly, bringing growing numbers of tunnel-and exit-adjacent sections …