Abstract tRNAs are key partners in ribosome-dependent protein synthesis. This process is
highly dependent on the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases …

Synthesis of proteins with non-canonical amino acids via genetic code expansion is at the
forefront of synthetic biology. Progress in this field has enabled site-specific incorporation of …

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) translate the genetic code by loading tRNAs with the
cognate amino acids. The errors in amino acid recognition are cleared at the AARS editing …

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for aminoacyl-
tRNA (aa-tRNA) synthesis. Correctly formed aa-tRNAs are necessary for proper decoding of …

Fluorine is an element with unusual properties that has found significant utility in the design
of synthetic small molecules, ranging from therapeutics to materials. In contrast, only a few …

The rules of the genetic code are implemented by the unique features that define the amino
acid identity of each transfer RNA (tRNA). These features, known as “identity elements,” …

Translation of RNA to protein is a key feature of cellular life. The fidelity of this process
mainly depends on the availability of correctly charged tRNAs. Different domains of tRNA …

Fidelity of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) charging by amino acids ensures correct
translation of the genetic code into proteins. Charging is catalysed by a set of enzymes …

Faithful mRNA decoding depends on the accuracy of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs).
Aminoacyl-tRNA proofreading mechanisms have been well-described in bacteria, humans …

Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are essential small non-coding RNAs that enable the translation of
genomic information into proteins in all life forms. The principal function of tRNAs is to bring …