Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of
Gram-negative bacteria to induce production of pro-inflammatory mediators aiming at …

Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being
one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector …

Monocytes and macrophages play pivotal roles in inflammation and homeostasis. Recent
studies suggest that dynamic programing of macrophages and monocytes may give rise to …

The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family consists of vital receptors responsible for pattern
recognition in innate immunity, making them the core proteins involved in pathogen …

Effective regulation of immune-cell activation is critical for ensuring that the immune
response, and inflammation generated for the purpose of pathogen elimination, are limited …

Disorders of chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral osteogenesis are major
underlying factors in skeletal developmental disorders, including tibial dysplasia (TD) …

The current treatment options for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unsatisfactory.
Therefore, novel and safer therapies are needed. We previously reported that koreanaside A …

Sorafenib is an anti-tumor drug widely used in clinical treatment, which can inhibit tyrosine
kinase receptor on cell surface and serine/threonine kinase in downstream Ras/MAPK …

In clinical practice, differentiating Bipolar Disorder (BD) from unipolar depression is a
challenge due to the depressive symptoms, which are the core presentations of both …

Microenvironmental bystander cells are essential for the progression of chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL). We have discovered previously that LYN kinase promotes the formation of a …