I. OVERVIEW AND NOMENCLATURE Times change. In 1926, the writer of a review in this
journal noted that over 350 papers had appeared on the subject during the previous 2 years …

Aryl‐l, 4‐dihydropyridine‐3, 5‐dicarboxylic diesters of the nifedipine type have become
almost indispensable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases since they first appeared …

How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle?
What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of …

The complete amino-acid sequence of the receptor for dihydropyridine calcium channel
blockers from rabbit skeletal muscle is predicted by cloning and sequence analysis of DNA …

Purified dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels from rabbit transverse-tubule
membranes consist of three noncovalently associated classes of subunits: alpha (167 kDa) …

Voltage-sensitive ion channels mediate action potentials in electrically excitable cells and
play important roles in signal transduction in other cell types. In the past several years, their …

When a vertebrate skeletal muscle fibre is activated by a nerve impulse, an action potential
spreads from the endplate region along the whole fibre. It enters the transverse tubular …

▪ Abstract The crucial role of L-type Ca2+ channels in the initiation of cardiac and smooth
muscle contraction has made them major therapeutic targets for the treatment of …

The calcium channel blockers verapamil and diltiazem have been shown to reverse
multidrug resistance, but the mechanism of action of these agents is still unknown. We …

Muscle contraction and relaxation are regulated by the myoplasmic free calcium
concentration, which in turn is regulated by membranes. Sarco plasmic reticulum (SR) has a …