Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this
review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their …

The endothelial cells lining the brain capillaries separate the blood from the brain
parenchyma. The endothelial monolayer of the brain capillaries serves both as a crucial …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and treatment of the brain in aging require the development of
new biologic drugs, such as recombinant proteins or gene therapies. Biologics are large …

The gabapentinoids, gabapentin, and pregabalin, target the α2δ subunits of voltage-gated
calcium channels. Initially licensed for pain and seizures, they have become widely …

Our growing understanding of membrane transporters and their substrate specificity has
opened a new avenue in the field of targeted drug delivery. The L-type amino acid …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) separate
the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the systemic circulation and represent a barrier …

Limited drug delivery to the brain is one of the major reasons for high failure rates of central
nervous system (CNS) drug candidates. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) with its tight …

Solute carriers (SLCs) are the largest family of transmembrane transporters that determine
the exchange of various substances, including nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across …

Three different barriers are formed between the cerebrovascular and the brain parenchyma:
the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and the …

The large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, or SLC7A5) is a sodium-and pH-
independent transporter, which supplies essential amino acids (eg, leucine, phenylalanine) …