Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation
of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most …

Introduction to the field of microbiome research Over evolutionary time, humans have
developed symbiotically with a diversity of environmental microbial species (Sender et al …

Astrocytes are glial cells that are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) and that
have important homeostatic and disease-promoting functions. However, little is known about …

The fine line between human health and disease can be driven by the interplay between
host and microbial factors. This “metagenome” regulates cancer initiation, progression, and …

Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with a relative expansion of
faecal Prevotellaceae. To determine the microbiome composition and prevalence of …

Microbial metabolites are known to modulate immune responses of the host. The main
metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine, short-chain …

The Klebsiella oxytoca species complex is part of the human microbiome, especially during
infancy and childhood. K. oxytoca species complex strains can produce enterotoxins …

The composition of intrinsic microbial communities determines if invading pathogens will
find a suitable niche for colonization and cause infection or be eliminated. Here, we …

Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible
number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control multiple
aspects of health and disease. Through their interactions with components of the blood …