Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine
ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between …

The transfer of organic carbon from the upper to the deep ocean by particulate export flux is
the starting point for the long-term storage of photosynthetically fixed carbon. This 'biological …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Marine biota is a great source of ecosystem services. Recently, the involvement of marine
organisms in biotechnological applications has been discovered and become useful for the …

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustaceans, up to two inches
long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins–but they have another important …

The export of organic carbon from the surface ocean forms the basis of the biological carbon
pump, an important planetary carbon flux. Typically, only a small fraction of primary …

Biological oceanic processes, principally the surface production, sinking and interior
remineralization of organic particles, keep atmospheric CO2 lower than if the ocean was …

Optical particle measurements are emerging as an important technique for understanding
the ocean carbon cycle, including contributions to estimates of their downward flux, which …

Quantification of the actual amount of carbon export to the mesopelagic layer by both
zooplankton and micronekton is at present a gap in the knowledge of the biological pump …