The increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have become a major
environmental challenge due to their contribution to global warming. The primary drivers of …

Observation‐based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and
Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives …

Water security is at stake today. While climate changes influence water availability,
urbanization and agricultural activities have led to increasing water demand as well as …

The inadequate availability of clean water presents systemic risks to human health, food
production, energy generation and ecosystem functioning. Here we evaluate population …

Climate change is progressing and is already visible to the naked eye around the world.
Hydrological events associated with climate change, ie floods and droughts, have reached …

Water scarcity is one of the greatest societal challenges facing humanity. Reverse osmosis
(RO) desalination, a widely used membrane-based technology, has proven to be effective to …

Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity—where water
demand exceeds availability—for the world's cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Chapter 3 assesses the emissions pathways literature in order to identify their key
characteristics (both in commonalities and differences) and to understand how societal …