For at least 1.2 billion years, eukaryotes have been able to synthesize sterols and, therefore,
can produce vitamin D when exposed to UV-B. Vitamin D endocrinology was established …

Melanins are widespread pigments in vertebrates, with important roles in visual signaling,
UV protection, and homeostasis. Fossil evidence of melanin and melanin-bearing …

Melanin is a complex group of natural pigment substance, and it shows excellent biological
and biomedical applications which is commonly present in algae, fungi, bacteria …

Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to achieve true flap** flight, but in the absence of
living representatives, many questions concerning their biology and lifestyle remain …

The melanins constitute a diverse group of natural products found in most organisms, having
functions related to protection against chemical and physical stresses. These products …

Homo sapiens evolved in East Africa and had dark skin, hair, and eyes, in order to protect
against deleterious consequences of intensive UV radiation at equatorial latitudes. Intensive …

Predator-prey dynamics are an important evolutionary driver of escalating predation mode
and efficiency, and commensurate responses of prey [1–3]. Among these strategies …

In living organisms, color patterns, behavior, and ecology are closely linked. Thus, detection
of fossil pigments may permit inferences about important aspects of ancient animal ecology …

Abstract The Jurassic Yanliao theropods have offered rare glimpses of the early paravian
evolution and particularly of bird origins, but, with the exception of the bizarre …

Feathers have long been regarded as the innovation that drove the success of birds.
However, feathers have been reported from close dinosaurian relatives of birds, and now …