Abstract Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and
sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development” …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Global warming, bioinvasions, and parasitism affect single‐species performances and
species interactions, substantially impacting the structure and stability of marine ecosystems …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Our current 1.1° C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

The blue economy is being promoted as capable of achieving sustainability and prosperity,
fair use of the ocean and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring a more …

Migration strategies in fishes comprise a rich, ecologically important, and socioeconomically
valuable example of biological diversity. The variation and flexibility in migration is evident …

Over the past 30 years concerted campaigns have been undertaken to reverse nutrient-
driven eutrophication in coastal waters in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia …

There are a large number of geophysical processes affecting sea level dynamics and
coastal erosion in the Baltic Sea region. These processes operate on a large range of …

Regime shifts in ecosystem structure and processes are typically studied from a temporal
perspective. Yet, theory predicts that in large ecosystems with environmental gradients …