Abstract Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and
sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development” …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Our current 1.1 C warmer world is already affecting natural and human systems in Europe
(very high confidence1). Since AR5, there has been a substantial increase in detected or …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Coastal eutrophication and hypoxia remain a persistent environmental crisis despite the
great efforts to reduce nutrient loading and mitigate associated environmental damages …

The blue economy is being promoted as capable of achieving sustainability and prosperity,
fair use of the ocean and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring a more …

Since the early 1980ies, the shallow and brackish Baltic Sea, located in northern Europe,
has warmed fastest of all the world's coastal seas. Hence, the total heat exposure during …

Studies in laboratory-based experimental evolution have demonstrated that phytoplankton
species can rapidly adapt to higher temperatures. However, adaptation processes and their …

Over the past 30 years concerted campaigns have been undertaken to reverse nutrient-
driven eutrophication in coastal waters in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia …

Migration strategies in fishes comprise a rich, ecologically important, and socioeconomically
valuable example of biological diversity. The variation and flexibility in migration is evident …