Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the principle of layer‐by‐layer sha** and
stacking of discrete materials, has shown significant benefits in the fabrication of …

Abstract 4D printing technology combines 3D printing and stimulus-responsive materials,
enabling construction of complex 3D objects efficiently. However, unlike smart soft materials …

Laser processing is a versatile tool that enhances smart materials for diverse industries,
allowing precise changes in material properties and customization of surface characteristics …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) printing, an additive manufacturing technology for intelligent
materials and structures, has received increasing scholarly attention for its ability to achieve …

With the introduction of a fourth dimension, time, into 3D printing, 4D printing enables
unparalleled control over spatial and temporal aspects of 3D products in respond to external …

The requirement for bone grafts needed for filling bone defect and fracture is increasing
annually due to global ageing and a great amount of bone trauma cases, whereas the …

Based on conventional 3D printing, 4D printing enables self-deformation of materials in the
time dimension, thus greatly improving the forming capacity for complex structures …

Context: The development of porous devices using materials modified with various natural
agents has become a priority for bone healing processes in the oral and maxillofacial field …

Driven by advances in science and technology, the demand for structural and functional
ceramics in various industries has been increasing over the past few decades. However, the …

Intelligent materials with adaptive properties are capable of changing their characteristics in
response to external factors, providing potential for innovation. Laser modification methods …