Intense ultrashort light pulses comprising merely a few wave cycles became routinely
available by the turn of the millennium. The technologies underlying their production and …

The field of laser-matter interaction traditionally deals with the response of atoms, molecules,
and plasmas to an external light wave. However, the recent sustained technological …

Abstract Particle-in-cell (PIC) methods have a long history in the study of laser-plasma
interactions. Early electromagnetic codes used the Yee staggered grid for field variables …

The motion of electrons on the atomic scale has been hidden from direct experimental
access until recently. We review the revolution in technology that opened the door to real …

We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of
13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet …

Relativistic interaction of short-pulse lasers with underdense plasmas has recently led to the
emergence of a novel generation of femtosecond x-ray sources. Based on radiation from …

In strong-field physics and attosecond science, intense light induces ultrafast electron
dynamics. Such ultrafast dynamics of electrons in matter is at the core of phenomena such …

This report presents the conceptual design of a new European research infrastructure
EuPRAXIA. The concept has been established over the last four years in a unique …

Specular reflection is one of the most fundamental processes of optics. At moderate light
intensities generated by conventional light sources this process is well understood. But at …

Chlorine disinfection has been instrumental in the provision of safe drinking water, but the
use of chlorine has a dark side: In addition to inactivating water-borne pathogens, chlorine …