Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of
depression in both medically ill and medically healthy individuals. Cytokines are important …

Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey
the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that immune dysregulation, specifically of
inflammatory processes, is associated with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with
cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide …

Purinergic receptors, represented by several families, are arguably the most abundant
receptors in living organisms and appeared early in evolution. After slow acceptance …

Stress is a common occurrence in everyday life and repeated or traumatic stress can be a
precipitating factor for illnesses of the central nervous system, as well as peripheral organ …

Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), representing 5–
10% of total CNS cells. Recent findings reveal that microglia enter the embryonic brain, take …

Extracellular adenine nucleotides play important roles in cell–cell communication and tissue
homeostasis. High concentrations of extracellular ATP released by dying cells are sensed …

Background The mechanisms underlying stress-induced inflammation that contribute to
major depressive disorder are unknown. We examine the role of the adenosine triphosphate …