The development and use of entomopathogens as classical, conservation and augmentative
biological control agents have included a number of successes and some setbacks in the …

Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria are insect pathogens that produce different Cry and Cyt toxins
to kill their hosts. Here we review the group of three-domain Cry (3d-Cry) toxins. Expression …

The textile production industry is one of the oldest and most technologically complex of all
industries. The fundamental strength of this industry flows from its strong production base of …

Transgenic crop pyramids producing two or more Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that kill
the same insect pest have been widely used to delay evolution of pest resistance. To assess …

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) produced in reproductive tract tissues of male insects and
transferred to females during mating induce numerous physiological and behavioral …

Parasporal crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are the main virulence
factors underlying Bt toxicity to insects. Parasporal crystals are composed primarily of Cry …

Abstract Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic approach to combat pests (including
herbivores, pathogens, and weeds) using a combination of preventive and curative actions …

For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most
applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the …

BACKGROUND Pink bollworm (PBW) adaptation to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac)(Bt‐I) and Cry1Ac+ Cry2Ab (Bt‐II) was assessed in …

Evolution of resistance by insect pests threatens the continued effectiveness of Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in sprays and transgenic crops. Fitness costs of Bt resistance occur …