The structure, function, and evolution of proteins depend on physical and genetic
interactions among amino acids. Recent studies have used new strategies to explore the …

Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution,
yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its …

Epistasis occurs when the effect of a mutation depends on its carrier's genetic background.
Despite increasing evidence that epistasis for fitness is common, its role during evolution is …

Epistasis between genes is traditionally studied with mutations that eliminate protein activity,
but most natural genetic variation is in cis-regulatory DNA and influences gene expression …

Population Genetics and Microevolutionary Theory Explore the fundamentals of the
biological implications of population genetic theory In the newly revised Second Edition of …

There has been much debate about the extent to which mutational epistasis, that is, the
dependence of the outcome of a mutation on the genetic background, constrains …

Epistasis between mutations can make adaptation contingent on evolutionary history. Yet
despite widespread 'microscopic'epistasis between the mutations involved, microbial …

The phenotypic effect of an allele at one genetic site may depend on alleles at other sites, a
phenomenon known as epistasis. Epistasis can profoundly influence the process of …

Characterizing the fitness landscape, a representation of fitness for a large set of genotypes,
is key to understanding how genetic information is interpreted to create functional …