Dawn–dusk asymmetries are ubiquitous features of the coupled solar-wind–magnetosphere–
ionosphere system. During the last decades, increasing availability of satellite and ground …

This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma
at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its …

The design, performance, and on-orbit operation of the three-axis electric field instrument
(EFI) for the NASA THEMIS mission is described. The 20 radial wire boom and 10 axial …

Ions with energies less than tens of eV originate from the Terrestrial ionosphere and from
several planets and moons in the solar system. The low energy indicates the origin of the …

Early observations by the THEMIS ESA plasma instrument have revealed new details of the
dayside magnetosphere. As an introduction to THEMIS plasma data, this paper presents …

We present multipoint Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms
(THEMIS) observations of transient dynamic pressure pulses in the magnetosheath 3–10 …

The total electron density is a fundamental quantity in the Earth's magnetosphere and plays
an important role in a number of physical processes, but its dynamic global evolution is not …

Abstract Pc5 (2–7 mHz) ultralow frequency (ULF) waves play a significant role in resonating
with particles and transferring energy in the coupled magnetospheric and ionospheric …

We report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites of large‐amplitude,
parallel, electrostatic waves associated with magnetic reconnection at the Earth's …

Observations of magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause often display asymmetric
structures that are accompanied by strong magnetic field (B) fluctuations and large …