Abstract Nearly 100 years ago, Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that dogs could learn to use a
neutral cue to predict a biologically relevant event: after repeated predictive pairings …

The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to
environmental and homeostatic challenges. The re-establishment and maintenance of …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates a range of higher order 'executive functions' that
subserve the selection and processing of information in such a way that behavior can be …

Functional imaging studies of cued fear conditioning in humans have mostly confirmed
findings in animals, but it is unclear whether the brain mechanisms that underlie contextual …

Rationale Systemic administration of cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotomimetic
constituent of Cannabis sativa, induces antidepressant-like effects. The mechanism of action …

The present study investigated the premise that individual differences in autonomic
physiology could be used to specify the nature and consequences of information processing …

Cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death worldwide, is frequently initiated or
exacerbated by stress. In fact, chronic stress exposure and heightened reactions to acute …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has emerged as a key structure involved in the
modulation of fear behavior over the past few decades. Anatomical, functional and …

Prefrontal cortical GABAergic interneurons (INs) and their innervations are essential for the
execution of complex behaviors such as working memory, social behavior, and fear …

The evolutionary approach to human anxiety is based on the defensive responses that
nonhuman animals show to fear-provoking stimuli. Studies performed mostly on rodents …