The tripeptide glutathione is found in all eukaryotic cells, and due to the
compartmentalization of biochemical processes, its synthesis takes place exclusively in the …

Mitochondria are unique organelles that are essential for a variety of cellular processes
including energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, lipid biosynthesis, and apoptosis …

Glutaredoxin, Grx, is a small protein containing an active site cysteine pair and was
discovered in 1976 by Arne Holmgren. The Grx system, comprised of Grx, glutathione …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and highly fatal
neurodegenerative disease. Although the pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear, increasing …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation,
proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as …

The mitochondrion is an essential organelle important for the generation of ATP for cellular
function. This is especially critical for cells with high energy demands, such as neurons for …

Neurological disorders (NDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction
leading to synaptic failure, cognitive impairment, and motor injury. Among these diseases …

In the present article, we review the many facets of mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease due to loss of upper motor …

This review provides an overview of the biochemistry of thiol redox couples and the
significance of thiol redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The discussion is …