It is often said that there are two types of psychological processes: one that is intentional,
controllable, conscious, and inefficient, and another that is unintentional, uncontrollable …

In this paper, I discuss the current state of theorising about dual processes in adult
performance on reasoning and decision making tasks, in which Type 1 intuitive processing …

Nudges are psychologically informed tools designed to promote behavioral change in order
to improve health and well-being. In this review, we focus on three areas of concern: theory …

How do we understand numbers? Do animals and babies have numerical abilities? Why do
some people fail to grasp numbers, and how we can improve numerical understanding …

Drawing developmental predictions from dual-process theories is more complex than is
commonly realized. Overly simplified predictions drawn from such models may lead to …

A major source of errors in rational number tasks is the inappropriate application of natural
number rules. We hypothesized that this is an instance of intuitive reasoning and thus can …

The central goal of this study was to characterize the mental models of acids and acid
strength expressed by advanced college chemistry students when engaged in prediction …

When people evaluate syllogisms, their judgments of validity are often biased by the
believability of the conclusions of the problems. Thus, it has been suggested that syllogistic …

The characterization of students' cognitive biases is of central importance in the
development of curriculum and teaching strategies that better support student learning in …

The characterization of students' reasoning strategies is of central importance in the
development of instructional strategies that foster meaningful learning. In particular, the …