Elements that can occur in more than one valence state, such as Fe, C and S, play an
important role in Earth's systems at all levels, and can drive planetary evolution as they cycle …

This article reviews the geology of the Sveconorwegian orogen in south Scandinavia and
existing tectonic models for the Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Sveconorwegian …

Recent zircon-based geochronological investigations in the Adirondack Mountains, in the
state of New York, demonstrate that 1155±6 Ma massif anorthosite was emplaced during the …

Isotopic and geochemical characteristics of Proterozoic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-
granite (AMCG) suite have long been used for tracing the mantle–crustal source and …

ABSTRACT The Gulf of Mexico is best understood as a subsidiary basin to the Atlantic,
resulting from breakup of Pangea. The rifting process and stratigraphy preceding opening of …

The balance between constructive versus destructive processes in the formation and
recycling of continental crust over Earth history–or crustal growth–remains contentious; …

Extensional deformation in the lower to middle continental crust is increasingly recognized
and shown to have significant impact on crustal architecture, magma emplacement, fluid …

The rate of growth of the continental crust is controversial. We present an evaluation of time-
constrained analyses of oxygen isotopes in zircon grains and incompatible element (Zr, Th) …

The cratonic cores of the continents are remarkably stable and long‐lived features. Their
ability to resist destructive tectonic processes is associated with their thick (∼ 250 km), cold …

Cratons, the ancient cores of the continents, have survived thermal and mechanical erosion
over multiple Wilson cycles, but the ability of their margins to withstand modification during …